In the area of ​​international relations, it is imperative for Indonesia to ensure that its foreign and defense policies are mutually reinforcing. The government can no longer afford to maintain a discordant stance on important world events. A strong correlation between foreign and defense institutions is therefore essential.

The divergent perspectives within these sectors have made Indonesia’s international position increasingly delicate.

Prabowo’s 2023 proposal during the Shangri-La Dialogue in Singapore regarding the Russia-Ukraine conflict surprised Indonesian diplomats, highlighting the divergent views between diplomatic and defense circles.

At that time, as defense minister, Prabowo proposed a five-point initiative to end the war in Ukraine, which included a ceasefire, the establishment of a demilitarized buffer zone and a referendum under the auspices of the United Nations in the disputed territories. Such a proposal went against the UN, which Indonesia officially subscribes to, that Moscow should withdraw its military forces unconditionally.

Researchers, particularly Western ones, have stressed the importance of a solid link between foreign and defense policies. In his seminal work, DiplomacyHenry Kissinger posits that the integration of foreign and defense policies reflects a coherent strategy to advance national interests. As a proponent of realism, he emphasizes that military force is essential to support diplomatic efforts.

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Barry Buzan, a recognized specialist in security studies, states in People, States and Fear that issues traditionally considered foreign policy issues can evolve into security concerns, thereby influencing defense policy decisions.