Last update:05 November 2024, 09:15 IST

The device uses cTBS, known to consist of bursts of magnetic pulses applied to different parts of the brain.

A potential advantage is that this device can be used as an adjunct to sleep therapy that does not involve the use of medications. (Representative image)

A team of researchers at the University of Arizona has designed a device that can help combat insomnia by reducing mental chatter through continuous theta stimulation (cTBS). It is a painless procedure that helps regulate the brain’s default mode network (DMN) activity, which is typically increased in people with sleep problems. The device uses cTBS, a type of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) known to consist of bursts of magnetic pulses applied to different parts of the brain. The cTBS protocol delivers three pulses at a frequency of 50 Hz every 200 ms for a total duration of 40 seconds, resulting in 600 pulses per session. This rapid stimulation aims to inhibit the cortical response to the stimulus, particularly in the DMN which is linked to daydreaming and unwanted thoughts that interfere with the sleep induction process.

Target network in default mode

Among the many brain networks studied in research, the DMN is a priority. According to research, the DMN is a group of brain areas that are active when a person is at rest. This leads to thinking about problems rather than sleeping. As a result, they may formulate ideas about problems that will only make them anxious.

By using the identified cTBS, the researchers wish to reduce the activity of this network, which will lead to a mental state conducive to sleep. Studies have shown that, compared to more conventional rTMS approaches to treating insomnia, the inhibitory effects of the cTBS protocol on cortical excitability last longer.

Several trials conducted by the University of Arizona revealed that the user of the device experienced immense improvement in relaxation and inclination to sleep. Since cTBS only takes 40 seconds, it can be helpful for people with insomnia.

To guarantee its effectiveness, its promoters must participate in a rigorous three-year study involving patients suffering from chronic insomnia. This study includes:

• Participants will be selected in such a way as to allow the generalizability of the results to the population.
• Long-term impacts on sleep quality and mental functioning will also be assessed by researchers.
• Outcome data from users of the device will be compared to people who use conventional insomnia interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or medication.

Health Implications of Sleep

A potential advantage is that this device can be used as an adjunct to sleep therapy that does not involve the use of medications. Some people avoid taking medications because of side effects or possible dependence on the medications. The application of cTBS could be a more effective option to achieve significant results without the aid of medications.

This particular technology tends to improve overall sleep health and mental well-being if a positive impact is demonstrated. Potential future developments could include:

• Adaptation of stimulation protocols according to the particularities of the patient’s brain activity.
• Integrate this device with other wearable sleep monitors to use feedback to correct settings for the user.
• To examine its applicability to other conditions involving abnormally high levels of mental activity, including anxiety disorders or PTSD.