The United States has become the world’s largest oil and gas producer in recent years thanks to a drilling boom in fields such as the Permian Basin in Texas and New Mexico.

This happened under Democratic President Joe Biden, even as he sought to advance the nation’s most ambitious climate agenda, which included historic subsidies for solar, wind and other clean energy technologies, as well as regulations aimed at reducing greenhouse gas pollution.

The Trump campaign says Trump paved the way for the boom by cutting red tape during his tenure in the White House. He argues that Trump could expand U.S. dominance in fossil fuel production during a second term by rolling back Biden’s climate initiatives.

Harris, in contrast, argues that high oil and gas production benefits America’s energy transition by keeping consumer prices low at a time when the country is investing in a transition to low-emission energy sources .

She also said she no longer supports banning fracking, the drilling technology that has helped unlock much of new U.S. production, a reversal from her position during her House campaign. White in 2020.

Trump said he would “cancel all unspent funds” under the Inflation Reduction Act, the Biden-Harris administration’s signature climate law.

The 2022 law includes hundreds of billions of dollars in subsidies for electric vehicles, solar and wind power, and other clean energy technologies and has attracted huge investments in domestic manufacturing in these sectors.

Any change to the law would require an act of Congress, and several Republican lawmakers have expressed support for keeping this law, or parts of it. Many of Trump’s allies benefit from the IRA through their investments in clean energy technology.

Harris supports the IRA and has said her administration would continue investing in clean energy if she wins the election.

During his term as US president from 2017 to 2021, Trump withdrew the United States from the Paris Agreement, an international pact aimed at combating climate change, arguing that the agreement was unnecessary and placed the country in a disadvantageous competitive position compared to China.

Trump’s campaign said he would do it again if he won.

Harris would keep Washington in the deal, which Biden quickly rejoined in 2021.

The Trump campaign said the Biden-Harris administration’s efforts to support the adoption of electric vehicles and ultimately reduce the use of fossil fuels pose a risk to the nation’s power grid at a time of high demand for electricity. He promised changes that would make it easier to permit new power plants.

In April, Biden’s Environmental Protection Agency finalized rules targeting pollution from power plants, an industry responsible for nearly 25% of U.S. carbon emissions. The rules will effectively require coal-fired power plants and new natural gas generators over the next decade to capture emissions before they reach the atmosphere.

In a speech on September 5, Trump criticized the rule, saying it paved the way “for a catastrophic energy deficit that would worsen inflation.”

“I will immediately issue a declaration of national emergency to achieve a massive increase in the nation’s energy supply,” Trump said in his speech. “With these broad authorities, we will overcome all bureaucratic hurdles to issue rapid approvals for new drilling, new pipelines, new refineries and new power plants and reactors.”

Harris’ campaign also promised to speed up permitting, but primarily for projects with low or no emissions.

“A Harris-Walz Administration will achieve this by continuing to invest in a thriving clean energy economy and helping realize the full potential of these investments by cutting red tape so that clean energy projects are completed quickly and efficiently. “a way that protects our environment and public health,” according to his campaign website.

Trump also opposes U.S. auto emissions regulations announced in March, lumping them into a group of Biden’s green initiatives that he says distort markets, drive up prices and limit consumer choice.

Trump also promised to end the offshore wind industry, already struggling under the burden of high costs and local opposition to the projects. The policy differs from that of his first administration, which supported technology.

Harris supports both offshore wind and electric vehicles.

The Biden-Harris administration froze new liquefied natural gas (LNG) export permits in January to study their environmental impacts, a move that pleased environmental groups and voters.

If Harris wins, she will likely be tasked with ending the pause and incorporating any new recommendations from the promised review, which the administration says should come after the vote.

Trump said he would immediately lift the freeze, while Harris’ campaign said its approach on LNG would be guided by the review’s results.